The organizational structure of ALECSO consists of the following elements:

1- The Legislative Structure:

It consists of the General Conference (convened once every two years) and the Executive Council (which holds at least three ordinary meetings during each financial period).

2- The Executive Structure:

It includes the Director-General (elected by the General Conference for a four-year term, renewable once) and the Assistant Director-General.

3- The Technical and Administrative Structure:

It includes:

The Office of the Director-General – the Secretariat of the Executive Council and the General Conference – the Education Department - the Culture Department - the Science and Scientific Research Department – the Information and Communication Department – the Administrative and Financial Affairs Department.

4- The External Bodies:

1. Institute of Arab Research and Studies (Cairo)
2. Institute of Arabic Manuscripts (Cairo)
3. Bureau for the Coordination of Arabization (Rabat)
4. Khartoum International Institute for the Arabic Language (Khartoum)
5. The Arab Center for Arabization, Translation, Authorship and Publication (Damascus).

Member states are linked to the General Administration of the Organization through the national commissions for education, culture and science in these states and through the permanent delegates to the Organization in Tunis.